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植物化学物质的生物功能及其在家畜中的应用研究——以Nrf2/Keap1系统为目标

覃思, 侯德兴

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第5期页码 738-752 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.03.011

摘要：核转录相关因子（Nrf2）及其伴侣蛋白Keap1组成的Nrf2/Keap1系统在抗氧化作用中扮演着重要角色。Nrf2/Keap1系统通过与抗氧化反应元件（ARE）相互作用，调控一系列解毒酶和抗氧化酶基因的表达来维持机体氧化还原的平衡状态。膳食植物化学物质在蔬菜、水果、谷物和草药中普遍存在，研究发现其有益健康，还可通过多种途径调节Nrf2介导的II相酶来提高家畜的生长性能和肉质。在本文中，我们首先介绍了植物化学物质的抗氧化性及其与Nrf2/Keap1系统的关系，并总结了植物化学物质通过靶向Nrf2/Keap1系统，对家畜生长性能、肉质和肠道菌群的影响。

关键词：植物化学物质生物功能 Nrf2/Keap1 系统生长性能肉质肠道菌群

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Apigenin alleviates neomycin-induced oxidative damage via the Nrf2 signaling pathway in cochlear hair

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第4期页码 637-650 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0864-3

摘要： Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss and represents a promising target for treatment. We tested the potential effect of apigenin, a natural flavonoid with anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, on neomycin-induced ototoxicity in cochlear hair cells in vitro. Results showed that apigenin significantly ameliorated the loss of hair cells and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species upon neomycin injury. Further evidence suggested that the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway was activated by apigenin treatment. Disruption of the Nrf2 axis abolished the effects of apigenin on the alleviation of oxidative stress and subsequent apoptosis of hair cells. This study provided evidence of the protective effect of apigenin on cochlear hair cells and its underlying mechanism.

关键词： apigenin aminoglycosides ototoxicity oxidative stress Nrf2 signaling pathway

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Triterpenoid inducers of Nrf2 signaling as potential therapeutic agents in sickle cell disease: a review

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第1期页码 46-56 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0375-1

摘要：

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited disorder of hemoglobin in which the abnormal hemoglobin S polymerizes when deoxygenated. This polymerization of hemoglobin S not only results in hemolysis and vaso-occlusion but also precipitates inflammation, oxidative stress and chronic organ dysfunction. Oxidative stress is increasingly recognized as an important intermediate in these pathophysiological processes and is therefore an important target for therapeutic intervention. The transcription factor nuclear erythroid derived- 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) controls the expression of anti-oxidant enzymes and is emerging as a protein whose function can be exploited with therapeutic intent. This review article is focused on triterpenoids that activate Nrf2, and their potential for reducing oxidative stress in SCD as an approach to prevent organ dysfunction associated with this disease. A brief overview of oxidative stress in the clinical context of SCD is accompanied by a discussion of several pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to oxidative stress. Finally, these mechanisms are then related to current management strategies in SCD that are either utilized currently or under evaluation. The article concludes with a perspective on the potential of the various therapeutic interventions to reduce oxidative stress and morbidity associated with SCD.

关键词： oxidative stress Nrf2 triterpenoids sickle cell disease vaso-occlusion CDDO-Me

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obtained from grape seeds against bisphenol AF neurotoxicity via antioxidative effects mediated by the Nrf2

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第7期页码 976-989 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2237-0

摘要： Lignin exhibits antioxidative and various other biological properties. However, its neuroprotection capability has rarely been studied. In this study, three types of lignin with different structures were prepared from grape seeds by using different isolation techniques. The antioxidative and neuroprotective effects of the lignin fractions were evaluated with the apoptosis model of murine neuroectodermal (NE-4C) neural stem cells stimulated with bisphenol AF. The results demonstrated that the half maximal inhibitory concentration for scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl with water-soluble lignin (L-W, 58.19 μg·mL^–1) was lower than those of lignin in the autohydrolyzed residue of grape seeds (84.27 μg·mL^–1) and original lignin in grape seeds (99.44 μg·mL^–1). BPAF exposure had negative effects on the reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde content, and superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in NE-4C cells, which can be reversed by using the prepared lignin to reduce oxidative stress. An immunofluorescence assay demonstrated that grape seed lignin induced protective effects on BPAF-injured NE-4C cells via the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related Factor 2 pathway. In addition, correlational analyses showed that lignin (L-W) with lower molecular weights and noncondensed phenolic hydroxyl group content and higher contents of COOH groups effectively prevented cell apoptosis, scavenged reactive oxygen species, and ensured protection from nerve injury. This study demonstrated that grape seed lignin can be used as a neuroprotective agent and serves as a demonstration of active lignin production from grape seed waste.

关键词： grape seed lignin structure antioxidant NE-4C cells neuroprotection

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输入时滞分数阶(0<α<1)奇异系统的观测器控制 Research Article

李丙新1,2,赵相飞1,2,张雪峰3,赵新1,2,4

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第23卷第12期页码 1862-1870 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200294

摘要：本文研究输入时滞分数阶（0<α<1）奇异系统的观测器控制问题。基于史密斯预测器和逼近误差，有输入时滞的系统近似等价于无输入时滞的系统。进一步地，基于线性矩阵不等式方法，提出基于观测器控制的充要条件。

关键词：基于观测器的控制；奇异系统；分数阶；输入时滞；线性矩阵不等式

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DDUC：数据更新与编码解耦的纠删码系统 Research Article

屠要峰1,2,肖蓉2,韩银俊1,2,陈正华2,金浩2,齐学成2,孙辛远2

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第24卷第5期页码 716-730 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200466

摘要：在分布式存储系统中，常用的数据冗余方法包括副本和纠删码(erasure code，EC)。相较于副本，EC具有更好的存储效率，但是在更新方面的开销更大。本文介绍了一种将数据更新与EC编码解耦的存储系统，命名为DDUC，并提出了一种副本与校验块结合的放置策略。对于(N, M)的EC系统，按照N组M+1的副本进行数据布局，并将同一条带的冗余数据块都放置在校验节点上，使得校验节点可以自主地执行本地EC编码。实验结果表明，和当前主流的存储系统Ceph相比，本文所提出的存储系统并发访问性能提升至1.70–3.73倍，时延仅为Ceph的3.4%–5.9%。

关键词：并发更新；高可靠性；纠删码；一致性；分布式存储系统

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多智能体系统的体系化和组织化博弈 Editorial

陆军1,王飞跃2,董琦1,魏庆来2

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第23卷第7期页码 991-994 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2240000

摘要： Multi-agent system gaming (MASG) is widely applied in military intelligence, information networks, unmanned systems, intelligent transportation, and smart grids, exhibiting systematic and organizational characteristics. It requires the multi-agent system perceive and act in a complex dynamic environment and at the same time achieve a balance between individual interests and the maximization of group interests within the system. Some problems include complex system structure, uncertain game environment, incomplete decision information, and unexplainable results. As a result, the study of multi-agent game has transformed from a traditional simple game to a game facing a high-dimensional, continuous, and complex environment, which prompts an urgent need for institutionalized and systematized gaming (InSys gaming). With this background, several important tendencies have emerged in the development of InSys gaming for multi-agent systems:1. Analyzing the evolution law of MASG and establishing the InSys gaming theory model for multi-agent systemsThe organized and systematic MASG has orderly and structured characteristics, so it is necessary to establish a system game model. To study political, military, economic, and other systemic confrontation gaming problems, the first step is to analyze the system’s internal evolution characteristics and external interaction information. In addition, establishing the evolution model of InSys gaming and studying the elements, relationships, and criteria of the game evolution help provide theoretical support for the system design, decision-making planning, and other research in this field.2. Combining several artificial intelligence learning algorithms to achieve collaborative decision-making of multi-agent systemsThe current mainstream artificial intelligence learning methods all have application advantages in specific scenarios. In solving InSys gaming problems, we can combine the environmental representation ability of deep learning and the decision generation ability of reinforcement learning (RL). For example, by building a digital simulation training environment, intelligent decision algorithms and unsupervised training methods can be designed to generate a multi-agent system’s collaborative decision in a complex and unknown environment.3. Adopting a hierarchical task planning and decision-making action architecture to reduce the complexity of collaborative decision-making algorithmsWith the increase of the scale of multi-agent systems, the problems of node coupling, observation uncertainty, and interaction disorder faced by collaborative decision-making have become increasingly prominent. The complexity of solving its systematic and organized game problems has increased significantly. A multi-agent hierarchical algorithm architecture is constructed through game task decomposition, longterm planning, and real-time action decision-making. It can effectively reduce the complexity of the search process of a collaborative decision-making algorithm. In addition, it is a feasible idea for solving an organized and systematic game.4. Establishing the robustness analysis framework of the algorithm model to solve the model deviation between data-driven methods and the actual sceneWhen the training data deviates from the actual scene for data-driven methods, the algorithm’s performance will be degraded. Thus, it is necessary to study the robustness analysis framework of data-driven methods. For example, a robust algorithm model and an actual data fine-tuning method are designed to reduce the performance loss of the trained algorithm. This strategy helps support the actual deployment of data-driven methods.Game theory has become a basic analytical framework for solving problems in strategic politics, military confrontation, market economy, and so on. The object of analysis is characterized by complex systematization and organization and has been highly concerned with and valued by academic and industrial circles alike. A multi-agent system is used to model the organized and systematic game, combined with an artificial intelligence method to solve the game decision-making problem, providing a new idea for developing theories, methods, and technologies in this field.

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间歇通信下基于采样数据的二阶多智能体系统包含控制 Research Articles

王付永1,2,刘忠信1,2,陈增强1,2

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第22卷第8期页码 1059-1067 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000204

摘要：在间歇通信且智能体间相对速度不可测的情况下，基于采样位置数据研究了二阶多智能体系统的包含控制问题，提出一种基于间歇采样位置测量的二阶分布式包含控制器。通过分析系统控制增益、拉普拉斯矩阵特征值、采样周期和通信宽度之间的关系，得到二阶多智能体系统在间歇通信下实现包含控制的充要条件。最后，通过仿真实例验证了理论结果的正确性和有效性。

关键词：包含控制；二阶多智能体系统；采样位置数据；间歇通信；通信宽度

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空间衍射望远系统发展现状 Review Article

赵维1,3,4,王新1,刘华‡2,4,陆子凤2,4,卢振武5

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第21卷第6期页码 809-962 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900529

摘要：基底微结构制作的薄膜衍射光学元件具备超轻质量（面密度小于0.1 kg/m2）和宽松表面形状公差（厘米级表面精度需求）两个重要特性，将其作为大口径望远镜的主镜可实现超大口径，超轻量化，同时降低发射成本。本文对国内外基于衍射光学的空间大口径望远系统的研究进展进行归纳和总结。首先阐述衍射望远系统的成像理论与组成结构，然后介绍衍射望远系统研究进展，最后总结衍射技术作为未来高分辨率空间侦查系统的发展趋势，提出我国应着重开展的相关工作。

关键词：薄膜衍射光学元件；衍射望远系统；超大口径

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紧凑型计算光谱信息采集系统综述 Review Articles

宋洪亚1,张文屹1,李海峰1,刘旭1,2,3,郝翔1

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第21卷第8期页码 1119-1266 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900266

摘要：近年来，软件算法被引入光谱检测，发展出一些计算型的光谱仪、光谱成像设备等光谱信息采集系统。通过与传统非计算方法比较，本文突出了计算光谱采集的优势。重点关注紧凑性特征，回顾最具代表性的计算光谱信息采集系统，并作讨论和展望。

关键词：光谱成像；计算成像；光谱仪

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针对意外崩溃智能体的教练辅助多智能体强化学习框架 Research Article

赵鉴1,赵有朋1,王维埙2,阳明宇1,胡迅晗1,周文罡1,郝建业2,李厚强1

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第23卷第7期页码 1032-1042 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100594

摘要：造成这种差距的一个原因是，模拟系统总是假设智能体可以一直正常工作，而实际上，由于不可避免的硬件或软件故障，一个或多个智能体可能会在合作过程中意外 “崩溃”。这样的崩溃会破坏智能体之间的合作，导致系统性能下降。本文中，我们给出了意外崩溃情况下合作多智能体强化学习系统的正式定义。为增强系统应对崩溃时的鲁棒性，提出教练辅助多智能体强化学习框架，其在训练过程中引入一个虚拟教练智能体，以调整系统的崩溃概率。为教练智能体设计了3种教练策略和重采样策略。据我们所知，这是研究多智能体系统中意外崩溃情况的首项工作。在网格环境和星际争霸微管理任务上的大量实验表明，相比固定崩溃概率和课程学习的教练策略，自适应策略更加有效。

关键词：多智能体系统；强化学习；意外崩溃智能体

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双级驱动半主动隔振系统的可调反共振频率控制器 Research Articles

赵勃1,2,史维佳1,2,王丙泉1,2,谭久彬1,2

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第22卷第10期页码 1390-1401 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000373

摘要：本文提出一种用于双级驱动半主动隔振系统的可调反共振频率控制器。双级驱动半主动隔振系统具有显著的反共振特性，在一个特定频率——即所谓反共振频率——振幅可降至接近零。同时，通过跟踪扫频干扰，系统可实时调整反共振频率点，获得良好隔振性能。这表明双级驱动半主动隔振系统和所提控制器可应用于保证超低振动环境，特别是在半导体制造业的扫频工作中。

关键词：半主动隔振；双级驱动；动态吸振；可调反共振频率控制器

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面向人—多机器人协同系统的带记忆强化学习行为控制任务管理器 Research Article

黄捷1,2,3,莫智斌1,2,3,张祯毅1,2,3,陈宇韬1,2,3

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第23卷第8期页码 1174-1188 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100280

摘要：针对人—多机器人协同系统提出一种基于行为控制框架的带记忆强化学习任务管理器（RLTS）。由于重复的人工干预，现有人—多机器人协同系统决策时间成本高、任务跟踪误差大，限制了多机器人系统的自主性。

关键词：人—多机器人协同系统；基于零空间行为控制；任务管理器；强化学习；知识库

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智能无人系统：新一代人工智能重要成果及其应用 Editorial

吴澄1,2,张涛1,2

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第21卷第5期页码 649-651 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2030000

摘要： The advancement of science and technology is an important indicator of a nation’s overall strength. More recently, with the rise of new generation artifi-cial intelligence (AI), we are facing a new industrial revolution. For example, the development of intelli-gent unmanned systems (IUSs) will soon become a landmark achievement for AI development. In the next 3–5 years, applications of intelligent robots (service, industry, etc.) in China will have a wide range of advancements. In particular, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) will attain multi-industry, large-scale applications. The autopilot system will soon complete a demonstration project. This means China will develop the core common technology of rail transit autonomous driving. Significant progress will be made in intelligent workshops and factories, and a set of Chinese standards in line with interna-tional standards will be formed. IUS is an artificial system that can be operated or managed using advanced technology without any human intervention. Over the years, humans have created various types of unmanned systems. More importantly, as human knowledge develops, the technology level of unmanned systems is gradually improved. IUS is also a complex system, which is composed of many technologies, such as machinery, control, computer, communication, and material. AI is undoubtedly one of the key technologies needed to develop IUSs. Autonomy and intelligence are the two most important characteristics of IUSs. The most effective way to achieve and continuously improve these two characteristics is to use various technologies of AI, such as intelligent perception (image, voice recognition, etc.), human-computer interaction, intelligent decision-making, learning, and reasoning. Unmanned systems are a variety of systems de-veloped to work without human inputs, but the highest level of “unmanned” systems is man-machine integration. Specifically, human-computer integration means that human beings connect their nervous system with computers and other machines to make up for the defects of human senses and movement, and to determine the integration of human consciousness and computer AI. The combination of AI and unmanned systems is expected to develop technologies that can alter life, so as to strengthen human function (especially the disabled and the elderly) and to improve the quality of human life. Generally, human-computer integration includes human-computer co-operation. The relationship between human and ma-chine is no longer a master-slave relationship, or an alternative relationship, but a partnership. Efficiency and flexibility can be improved, if people control multiple unmanned systems to work together; the coordination and interaction between people and unmanned systems will significantly improve dif-ferent aspects of the capabilities of the systems. However, for a considerable part of labor-intensive work, the unmanned system may not be efficient. Therefore, IUSs will be an important embodiment of man-machine integration. Compared with the traditional unmanned system, the IUS has more potential to applications. The emergence of various types of IUSs will have a sig-nificant impact on human life and society. At present, IUSs include mainly autonomous driving vehicles, UAVs, service-oriented robots, intelligent industrial robots, space robots, marine robots, and unmanned workshop/intelligent factories. The new generation AI development plan re-leased by China captures “intelligent technology of autonomous unmanned systems.” It focuses on breaking through common technologies such as computing architecture of autonomous unmanned system, perception and understanding of complex dynamic scene, real-time precise positioning, adap-tive intelligent navigation for complex environment, autonomous control of UAV, intelligent technologies including self-driving automobile, ship and rail transit, and core technologies (such as service robot and special robot), supporting the application and industrial development of unmanned systems. In this context, the Chinese Academy of Engi-neering organized a special issue on IUSs in Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering. The types of IUSs examined in this special issue include robotic exoskeleton, intelligent ground vehicles, underwater vehicles, and UAVs. After rigorous review processes, 10 papers have been selected for this special issue, including two review articles, one tutorial, and seven research articles.

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ShortTail：降低纠删码内存存储系统的尾部延迟 Research Article

滕云1,3,李之悦2,4,黄晶1,3,张广艳2,4

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第23卷第11期页码 1646-1657 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100566

摘要：

为获得高性能和高数据可用性，基于纠删码的内存存储系统得到广泛应用。然而，随着集群规模不断增长，服务器级别的性能降级问题出现得越来越频繁，进而导致长尾延迟。在基于纠删码的系统中，由于一个纠删码操作可能依赖于多个子操作的同步完成，长尾延迟的影响被进一步放大。本文提出一种称为ShortTail的基于纠删码的内存存储系统，该系统可实现稳定的性能和较低的读写延迟。首先，ShortTail使用轻量请求监视器监测每个内存节点性能，以便及时发现性能降级节点。本文在Memcached上实现了ShortTail，并将其与两个系统进行比较。实验结果表明，ShortTail最高可降低63.77%的99分位延迟，且显著改善中位延迟和平均延迟。

关键词：纠删码；内存存储系统；节点性能降级；小写请求；尾部延迟

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标题作者时间类型操作

植物化学物质的生物功能及其在家畜中的应用研究——以Nrf2/Keap1系统为目标

覃思, 侯德兴

期刊论文

Apigenin alleviates neomycin-induced oxidative damage via the Nrf2 signaling pathway in cochlear hair

期刊论文

Triterpenoid inducers of Nrf2 signaling as potential therapeutic agents in sickle cell disease: a review

null

期刊论文

obtained from grape seeds against bisphenol AF neurotoxicity via antioxidative effects mediated by the Nrf2